Chapter 9

Paul writes about his sorrow and anguish over his fellow Israelites. He then defends God’s sovereignty in election to make the point that God’s word has not failed even though many Israelites are not believing. He makes the point that God will have mercy on those he chooses—it depends on God not man. Paul writes that God has elected those who were not his people to be his people. Israel pursued to the law as a way to righteousness but did not attain it.

Chapter 10

Paul writes that his desire and prayer is for the Israelites to be saved. He says that Jesus is the end of the law so that righteousness may be for all who believe. If someone declares with their mouth that Jesus is Lord and believes in their heart that God raised him from the dead they will be saved. Paul says that the Israelites cannot call on him whom they do not know, which is why someone needs to preach and before someone can preach they need to be sent.

Chapter 11

Paul addresses whether or not God has rejected his people—Israel. He says that God has not rejected them. Some within Israel have believed but others have not. Paul rhetorically asks the question if Israel has stumbled beyond recovery. He says they have not; however, because of their transgression the Gentiles have been grafted in. Paul then addresses Gentiles specifically telling them that God is both kind and stern. He then says that all Israel will be saved.

Chapter 12

Paul urges his brothers and sisters in Jesus to be living sacrifices. He tells them that God has distributed faith to them; therefore, they’re not to think more highly of themselves than they ought. He tells them to be sincere in love and then shows them what a life like that looks like.